NAD Position Paper on the CRPD

Ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

Challenges yet remain for deaf people  in the United States in securing access to critical services such as education, medical care, and legal representation through American Sign Language. Although there are barriers to overcome before it would be ratified by the United States, the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities holds promise as a means to accomplish this long awaited goal.  

Background:

The United Nations developed and adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (“CRPD”) to advance equality further throughout the world.  Persons with disabilities were extensively involved throughout this process.  A “Convention” is an international treaty or an agreement.  If a country ratifies this treaty, the country becomes obligated to implement rights spelled out in the treaty, such as protecting the human rights of individuals with disabilities.  This Convention encompasses critical activities that create quality in living, encompassing employment, education, health care, transportation, legal and social justice, communication, and recreation.  

The CRPD follows other UN Conventions in that it recognizes the importance of preserving and promoting the language and culture of minority people.  The CRPD is unique in that it is the first Convention which includes deaf people as one such minority. Specifically, it recognizes the cultural and linguistic identity of deaf people who use sign language  and acknowledges that teachers of deaf students should be trained and proficient in sign language. Further, the treaty specifies that deaf children have the right to be educated in environments that maximize both educational and social advancement. 

Country members of the United Nations can signal their commitment to the CRPD in their country by signing and ratifying the CRPD. As of April 2012, there were 153 signatories to the treaty, including the United States, which signed on the CRPD on July 30th, 2009. Signature of the CRPD signifies support for it but does not obligate compliance with its specific articles. Ratification legally binds a country to the specific articles of the treaty. One hundred and twelve (112) countries have ratified the CRPD, but as of this writing the United States has not. For the United States to ratify the CRPD, the Administration has to submit the CRPD to the U.S. Senate, which did happen on May 17, 2012. The Senate then has to approve the resolution for ratification by a two-thirds vote. After this process is completed, the U.S. government would be formally obligated to uphold the principles expressed in the CRPD and ensure that disability rights laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act are appropriately enforced.

CRPD Impact on the Deaf Community:

The CRPD makes repeated specific references to the deaf community and sign language in its text. The pertinent language is listed here as follows:

• Article 9: Accessibility

“To provide forms of live assistance and intermediaries, including guides, readers and professional sign language interpreters, to facilitate accessibility to buildings and other facilities open to the public. . .”

• Article 21: Access to Information

“States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities can exercise the right to freedom of expression and opinion, including the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas on an equal basis with others and through all forms of communication of their choice, . . .including by:

Accepting and facilitating the use of sign languages, Braille, augmentative and alternative communication, and all other accessible means, modes and formats of communication of their choice by persons with disabilities in official interactions;

. . . Recognizing and promoting the use of sign languages.”

• Article 24:   Education

“Facilitating the learning of sign language and the promotion of the linguistic identity of the deaf community”. . .

“Ensuring that the education of persons, and in particular children, who are blind, deaf or deafblind, is delivered in the most appropriate languages and modes and means of communication for the individual, and in environments which maximize academic and social development.” . . .

“In order to help ensure the realization of this right, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to employ teachers, including teachers with disabilities, who are qualified in sign language and/or Braille, and to train professionals and staff who work at all levels of education . . .”

• Article 30:   Recreation

“States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to take part on an equal basis with others in cultural life, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities: a) Enjoy access to cultural materials in accessible formats; b) Enjoy access to television programmes, films, theatre and other cultural activities, in accessible formats; c) 

Enjoy access to places for cultural performances or services, such as theatres, museums, cinemas, libraries and tourism services, and, as far as possible, enjoy access to monuments and sites of national cultural importance.”

“Persons with disabilities shall be entitled, on an equal basis with others, to recognition and support of their specific cultural and linguistic identity, including sign languages and deaf culture.”

Promise and Challenge:

If the CRPD were to be ratified by the United States, the strong recognition of the CRPD for sign language and deaf culture may become another tool for deaf advocates. For example, advocates may have greater support to require that deaf children be taught by qualified teachers fluent in sign language, and to promote policies for the provision of qualified sign language interpreters in a variety of critical settings. 

However, the United States has not ratified any international human rights treaty since 2002. A significant effort from the entire deaf and hard of hearing community with its partners in the disability community as well as all allies must be made to push the CRPD through the Senate.

The National Association of the Deaf is appreciative and grateful that on May 17, 2012, the Obama Administration sent the CRPD treaty package to the U.S. Senate for ratification. 

Policy Recommendations:

Now that the Senate has received the CRPD package, the National Association of the Deaf is collaborating with the United States International Council on Disabilities and other partners in the broader community to ensure that every appropriate means is pursued to advance this important ratification, including model letters for all individuals and organizations to use to contact their Senators. 

Links:

To see which countries have signed or ratified the CRPD [1]

Information on the CRPD [2]

To read the CRPD in full [3]

To view the “Deaf People and Human Rights” in International Sign Language [4] (page in construction due to new website format)

Other advocacy organizations that are also invested and involved in this process are the World Federation of the Deaf [5] and the U.S. International Council on Disabilities [6] (USICD).

This position statement was prepared by the Civil Rights Subcommittee of the Public Policy Committee, and approved in April 2012 by the NAD Board of Directors, with updates in May 2012.